You may be depressed. Depression can contribute to pain in various ways including making you see things as worse than they are, sleep disturbance, decreased motivation etc. The more depressed you are, the more helpless you can feel and the more overwhelming will be your pain. Your depression may be related to other unresolved stressors in your life. You should consider the impact it may be having on your pain experience and seek professional help.

Analyzing your results from this questionnaire should give you an idea what psychological risk factors are contributing to your pain and where you need to direct your efforts psychologically in terms of overcoming your pain. This questionnaire is designed to assess the 5 most common psychological risk factors for chronic pain; namely Adverse Childhood Experiences, Present Stress, Alexithymia, Traumatic Stress and Depression. However, everyone is different and not everyone has the same levels of risk factors. This information is intended as a guide only and is not meant as a substitute for appropriate psychological or medical treatment.