You appear to have suffered one or more adverse experiences in childhood. Adverse experiences in childhood are a risk factor for chronic pain because of the negative effects early childhood stress has on the nervous system. Severe stress in childhood is often associated with health p roblems in adulthood including diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, increased risk of work-related injuries and illnesses and chronic pain. You should read the article ‘Understanding pain.’ And you should seriously consider seeking professional help from someone who understands the effects of stress on the mind and body and how to help you with that.

Analyzing your results from this questionnaire should give you an idea what psychological risk factors are contributing to your pain and where you need to direct your efforts psychologically in terms of overcoming your pain. This questionnaire is designed to assess the 5 most common psychological risk factors for chronic pain; namely Adverse Childhood Experiences, Present Stress, Alexithymia, Traumatic Stress and Depression. However, everyone is different and not everyone has the same levels of risk factors. This information is intended as a guide only and is not meant as a substitute for appropriate psychological or medical treatment.